diff --git a/crates/audio/Cargo.toml b/crates/audio/Cargo.toml
index 662a829..0584a65 100644
--- a/crates/audio/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/audio/Cargo.toml
@@ -6,3 +6,21 @@ description = "Audio capture (cpal), VAD, resampling (rubato), file decoding (sy
 
 [dependencies]
 kon-core = { path = "../core" }
+
+# Microphone capture
+cpal = "0.17"
+
+# Voice activity detection (Silero VAD V5)
+voice_activity_detector = "0.2"
+
+# High-quality resampling (sinc interpolation)
+rubato = "0.15"
+
+# WAV file I/O
+hound = "3.5"
+
+# Audio file decoding (mp3, aac, flac, wav, ogg, etc.)
+symphonia = { version = "0.5", features = ["mp3", "aac", "flac", "pcm", "vorbis", "wav", "ogg", "isomp4"] }
+
+# Async runtime for threading
+tokio = { version = "1", features = ["rt", "sync"] }
diff --git a/crates/audio/src/capture.rs b/crates/audio/src/capture.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94abcc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/audio/src/capture.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+use std::sync::mpsc;
+
+use cpal::traits::{DeviceTrait, HostTrait, StreamTrait};
+
+use kon_core::error::{KonError, Result};
+
+/// A chunk of captured audio from the microphone.
+pub struct AudioChunk {
+    pub samples: Vec<f32>,
+    pub sample_rate: u32,
+    pub channels: u16,
+}
+
+/// Manages microphone capture via cpal.
+/// Call `start()` to begin capturing, which returns a receiver for audio chunks.
+/// Call `stop()` to end the stream.
+pub struct MicrophoneCapture {
+    stream: Option<cpal::Stream>,
+}
+
+impl MicrophoneCapture {
+    /// Start capturing audio from the default input device.
+    /// Returns a receiver that yields AudioChunks as they arrive.
+    pub fn start() -> Result<(Self, mpsc::Receiver<AudioChunk>)> {
+        let host = cpal::default_host();
+        let device = host.default_input_device().ok_or_else(|| {
+            KonError::AudioCaptureFailed("No input device found".into())
+        })?;
+
+        let config = device.default_input_config().map_err(|e| {
+            KonError::AudioCaptureFailed(format!("No input config: {e}"))
+        })?;
+
+        let sample_rate = config.sample_rate();
+        let channels = config.channels() as u16;
+
+        let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel::<AudioChunk>();
+
+        let stream = device
+            .build_input_stream(
+                &config.into(),
+                move |data: &[f32], _info: &cpal::InputCallbackInfo| {
+                    let _ = tx.send(AudioChunk {
+                        samples: data.to_vec(),
+                        sample_rate,
+                        channels,
+                    });
+                },
+                |err| eprintln!("audio capture error: {err}"),
+                None,
+            )
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                KonError::AudioCaptureFailed(format!("Build stream failed: {e}"))
+            })?;
+
+        stream.play().map_err(|e| {
+            KonError::AudioCaptureFailed(format!("Stream play failed: {e}"))
+        })?;
+
+        Ok((Self { stream: Some(stream) }, rx))
+    }
+
+    /// Stop capturing audio.
+    pub fn stop(&mut self) {
+        if let Some(stream) = self.stream.take() {
+            let _ = stream.pause();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for MicrophoneCapture {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        self.stop();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/audio/src/concurrency.rs b/crates/audio/src/concurrency.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce3d4e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/audio/src/concurrency.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+use std::path::Path;
+
+use kon_core::error::Result;
+use kon_core::types::AudioSamples;
+
+use crate::decode::decode_audio_file;
+use crate::resample::resample_to_16khz;
+
+/// Decode and resample an audio file on a blocking thread.
+/// Returns 16kHz mono AudioSamples ready for transcription.
+pub async fn decode_and_resample(path: &Path) -> Result<AudioSamples> {
+    let path = path.to_path_buf();
+    tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
+        let audio = decode_audio_file(&path)?;
+        resample_to_16khz(&audio)
+    })
+    .await
+    .map_err(|e| kon_core::error::KonError::AudioDecodeFailed(format!("Task join error: {e}")))?
+}
diff --git a/crates/audio/src/decode.rs b/crates/audio/src/decode.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d08285
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/audio/src/decode.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+use std::fs::File;
+use std::path::Path;
+
+use symphonia::core::audio::SampleBuffer;
+use symphonia::core::codecs::DecoderOptions;
+use symphonia::core::formats::FormatOptions;
+use symphonia::core::io::MediaSourceStream;
+use symphonia::core::meta::MetadataOptions;
+use symphonia::core::probe::Hint;
+
+use kon_core::error::{KonError, Result};
+use kon_core::types::AudioSamples;
+
+/// Decode an audio file to mono f32 PCM samples.
+/// Supports all formats symphonia handles: mp3, aac, flac, wav, ogg, etc.
+pub fn decode_audio_file(path: &Path) -> Result<AudioSamples> {
+    let file = File::open(path)
+        .map_err(|e| KonError::AudioDecodeFailed(format!("Cannot open file: {e}")))?;
+    let mss = MediaSourceStream::new(Box::new(file), Default::default());
+
+    let mut hint = Hint::new();
+    if let Some(ext) = path.extension().and_then(|e| e.to_str()) {
+        hint.with_extension(ext);
+    }
+
+    let probed = symphonia::default::get_probe()
+        .format(&hint, mss, &FormatOptions::default(), &MetadataOptions::default())
+        .map_err(|e| KonError::AudioDecodeFailed(format!("Unsupported format: {e}")))?;
+
+    let mut format = probed.format;
+
+    let track = format
+        .default_track()
+        .ok_or_else(|| KonError::AudioDecodeFailed("No audio track found".into()))?;
+    let sample_rate = track
+        .codec_params
+        .sample_rate
+        .ok_or_else(|| KonError::AudioDecodeFailed("Unknown sample rate".into()))?;
+
+    if sample_rate == 0 {
+        return Err(KonError::AudioDecodeFailed("Invalid sample rate: 0".into()));
+    }
+
+    let track_id = track.id;
+
+    let mut decoder = symphonia::default::get_codecs()
+        .make(&track.codec_params, &DecoderOptions::default())
+        .map_err(|e| KonError::AudioDecodeFailed(format!("Codec error: {e}")))?;
+
+    let mut samples: Vec<f32> = Vec::new();
+    let mut decode_errors = 0u32;
+
+    loop {
+        let packet = match format.next_packet() {
+            Ok(p) => p,
+            Err(symphonia::core::errors::Error::IoError(ref e))
+                if e.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof =>
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+            Err(symphonia::core::errors::Error::ResetRequired) => break,
+            Err(_) => break,
+        };
+
+        if packet.track_id() != track_id {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        let decoded = match decoder.decode(&packet) {
+            Ok(d) => d,
+            Err(_) => {
+                decode_errors += 1;
+                continue;
+            }
+        };
+
+        let spec = *decoded.spec();
+        let channels = spec.channels.count();
+        let mut sample_buf =
+            SampleBuffer::<f32>::new(decoded.capacity() as u64, spec);
+        sample_buf.copy_interleaved_ref(decoded);
+
+        let buf = sample_buf.samples();
+        if channels == 1 {
+            samples.extend_from_slice(buf);
+        } else {
+            for chunk in buf.chunks(channels) {
+                let sum: f32 = chunk.iter().sum();
+                samples.push(sum / channels as f32);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if samples.is_empty() {
+        if decode_errors > 0 {
+            return Err(KonError::AudioDecodeFailed(format!(
+                "No audio decoded ({decode_errors} packets failed — file may be corrupt)"
+            )));
+        }
+        return Err(KonError::AudioDecodeFailed("No audio data decoded".into()));
+    }
+
+    Ok(AudioSamples::new(samples, sample_rate, 1))
+}
diff --git a/crates/audio/src/lib.rs b/crates/audio/src/lib.rs
index b0c13f3..385d7b4 100644
--- a/crates/audio/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/audio/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,2 +1,13 @@
-// kon-audio: Microphone capture, voice activity detection, resampling,
-// file decoding, and WAV I/O.
+pub mod capture;
+pub mod concurrency;
+pub mod decode;
+pub mod resample;
+pub mod vad;
+pub mod wav;
+
+pub use capture::{AudioChunk, MicrophoneCapture};
+pub use concurrency::decode_and_resample;
+pub use decode::decode_audio_file;
+pub use resample::resample_to_16khz;
+pub use vad::SpeechDetector;
+pub use wav::{read_wav, write_wav};
diff --git a/crates/audio/src/resample.rs b/crates/audio/src/resample.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97a0d22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/audio/src/resample.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+use rubato::{SincFixedIn, SincInterpolationParameters, SincInterpolationType, Resampler, WindowFunction};
+
+use kon_core::constants::WHISPER_SAMPLE_RATE;
+use kon_core::error::{KonError, Result};
+use kon_core::types::AudioSamples;
+
+/// Resample audio to 16kHz mono using sinc interpolation (rubato).
+/// Returns a new AudioSamples at the target sample rate.
+pub fn resample_to_16khz(audio: &AudioSamples) -> Result<AudioSamples> {
+    let from_rate = audio.sample_rate();
+    let target_rate = WHISPER_SAMPLE_RATE;
+
+    if from_rate == target_rate {
+        return Ok(AudioSamples::mono_16khz(audio.samples().to_vec()));
+    }
+
+    if from_rate == 0 {
+        return Err(KonError::AudioDecodeFailed(
+            "Cannot resample: source rate is 0".into(),
+        ));
+    }
+
+    let ratio = target_rate as f64 / from_rate as f64;
+    let chunk_size = 1024;
+
+    let params = SincInterpolationParameters {
+        sinc_len: 256,
+        f_cutoff: 0.95,
+        oversampling_factor: 128,
+        interpolation: SincInterpolationType::Cubic,
+        window: WindowFunction::Blackman,
+    };
+
+    let mut resampler = SincFixedIn::<f32>::new(
+        ratio,
+        1.1,
+        params,
+        chunk_size,
+        1, // mono
+    )
+    .map_err(|e| {
+        KonError::AudioDecodeFailed(format!("Resampler init failed: {e}"))
+    })?;
+
+    let samples = audio.samples();
+    let mut output_samples: Vec<f32> = Vec::new();
+
+    let mut offset = 0;
+    while offset < samples.len() {
+        let end = (offset + chunk_size).min(samples.len());
+        let mut chunk = samples[offset..end].to_vec();
+
+        if chunk.len() < chunk_size {
+            chunk.resize(chunk_size, 0.0);
+        }
+
+        let input = vec![chunk];
+        let result = resampler.process(&input, None).map_err(|e| {
+            KonError::AudioDecodeFailed(format!("Resample failed: {e}"))
+        })?;
+
+        if !result.is_empty() && !result[0].is_empty() {
+            output_samples.extend_from_slice(&result[0]);
+        }
+
+        offset += chunk_size;
+    }
+
+    // Trim to expected length (padding may have added extra samples)
+    let expected_len = (samples.len() as f64 * ratio) as usize;
+    output_samples.truncate(expected_len);
+
+    Ok(AudioSamples::mono_16khz(output_samples))
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn resample_passthrough_at_16khz() {
+        let input = AudioSamples::mono_16khz(vec![0.1, 0.2, 0.3]);
+        let output = resample_to_16khz(&input).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(output.sample_rate(), 16000);
+        assert_eq!(output.samples().len(), 3);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn resample_preserves_approximate_duration() {
+        let rate = 48000;
+        let duration_secs = 1.0;
+        let num_samples = (rate as f64 * duration_secs) as usize;
+        let samples: Vec<f32> =
+            (0..num_samples).map(|i| (i as f32 * 0.001).sin()).collect();
+
+        let input = AudioSamples::new(samples, rate, 1);
+        let output = resample_to_16khz(&input).unwrap();
+
+        let output_duration = output.samples().len() as f64 / 16000.0;
+        assert!(
+            (output_duration - duration_secs).abs() < 0.1,
+            "Duration mismatch: expected ~{duration_secs}s, got {output_duration}s"
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/audio/src/vad.rs b/crates/audio/src/vad.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..437e05d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/audio/src/vad.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+use voice_activity_detector::VoiceActivityDetector;
+
+use kon_core::constants::{VAD_SPEECH_THRESHOLD, WHISPER_SAMPLE_RATE};
+use kon_core::error::{KonError, Result};
+
+/// VAD chunk size for 16kHz audio (required by Silero VAD V5).
+const VAD_CHUNK_SIZE: usize = 512;
+
+/// Wraps Silero VAD V5 for speech detection.
+pub struct SpeechDetector {
+    vad: VoiceActivityDetector,
+    threshold: f64,
+}
+
+impl SpeechDetector {
+    /// Create a new speech detector with the default threshold.
+    pub fn new() -> Result<Self> {
+        let vad = VoiceActivityDetector::builder()
+            .sample_rate(WHISPER_SAMPLE_RATE as i64)
+            .chunk_size(VAD_CHUNK_SIZE)
+            .build()
+            .map_err(|e| KonError::AudioCaptureFailed(format!("VAD init failed: {e}")))?;
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            vad,
+            threshold: VAD_SPEECH_THRESHOLD,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Predict whether a chunk of 16kHz f32 audio contains speech.
+    /// Returns the speech probability (0.0 to 1.0).
+    pub fn predict(&mut self, samples: &[f32]) -> f32 {
+        self.vad.predict(samples.iter().copied())
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if the chunk contains speech above the threshold.
+    pub fn is_speech(&mut self, samples: &[f32]) -> bool {
+        self.predict(samples) > self.threshold as f32
+    }
+
+    /// Reset the internal VAD state (call between recording sessions).
+    pub fn reset(&mut self) {
+        self.vad.reset();
+    }
+
+    /// The required chunk size for this VAD instance.
+    pub fn chunk_size(&self) -> usize {
+        VAD_CHUNK_SIZE
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/audio/src/wav.rs b/crates/audio/src/wav.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eed82a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/audio/src/wav.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+use std::path::Path;
+
+use kon_core::error::{KonError, Result};
+use kon_core::types::AudioSamples;
+
+/// Write f32 PCM samples to a 16-bit WAV file.
+pub fn write_wav(path: &Path, audio: &AudioSamples) -> Result<()> {
+    let spec = hound::WavSpec {
+        channels: audio.channels(),
+        sample_rate: audio.sample_rate(),
+        bits_per_sample: 16,
+        sample_format: hound::SampleFormat::Int,
+    };
+
+    let mut writer = hound::WavWriter::create(path, spec)
+        .map_err(|e| KonError::Io(std::io::Error::other(format!("WAV create failed: {e}"))))?;
+
+    for &sample in audio.samples() {
+        let clamped = sample.clamp(-1.0, 1.0);
+        let int_sample = (clamped * i16::MAX as f32) as i16;
+        writer
+            .write_sample(int_sample)
+            .map_err(|e| KonError::Io(std::io::Error::other(format!("WAV write failed: {e}"))))?;
+    }
+
+    writer
+        .finalize()
+        .map_err(|e| KonError::Io(std::io::Error::other(format!("WAV finalize failed: {e}"))))?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Read a WAV file to f32 PCM AudioSamples.
+pub fn read_wav(path: &Path) -> Result<AudioSamples> {
+    let reader = hound::WavReader::open(path)
+        .map_err(|e| KonError::AudioDecodeFailed(format!("WAV open failed: {e}")))?;
+
+    let spec = reader.spec();
+    let sample_rate = spec.sample_rate;
+    let channels = spec.channels;
+
+    let samples: Vec<f32> = match spec.sample_format {
+        hound::SampleFormat::Int => reader
+            .into_samples::<i32>()
+            .filter_map(|s| s.ok())
+            .map(|s| s as f32 / (1 << (spec.bits_per_sample - 1)) as f32)
+            .collect(),
+        hound::SampleFormat::Float => reader
+            .into_samples::<f32>()
+            .filter_map(|s| s.ok())
+            .collect(),
+    };
+
+    Ok(AudioSamples::new(samples, sample_rate, channels))
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn wav_roundtrip() {
+        let temp_dir = std::env::temp_dir();
+        let path = temp_dir.join("kon_test_roundtrip.wav");
+
+        let original = AudioSamples::mono_16khz(vec![0.0, 0.5, -0.5, 0.25, -0.25]);
+        write_wav(&path, &original).unwrap();
+
+        let loaded = read_wav(&path).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(loaded.sample_rate(), 16000);
+        assert_eq!(loaded.samples().len(), 5);
+
+        // 16-bit quantisation introduces small error
+        for (a, b) in original.samples().iter().zip(loaded.samples().iter()) {
+            assert!(
+                (a - b).abs() < 0.001,
+                "Sample mismatch: original={a}, loaded={b}"
+            );
+        }
+
+        std::fs::remove_file(&path).ok();
+    }
+}