Lumotia/docs/architecture-map/03-audio-transcription/audio-wav-io.md

name, type, slice, last_verified

name	type	slice	last_verified
Audio WAV I/O (hound)	architecture-map-page	03-audio-transcription	2026/05/09

Audio WAV I/O (hound)

Where you are: Architecture map → Audio + Transcription → Audio WAV I/O

Plain English summary. Two helpers cover the simple round-trip case: write_wav writes f32 samples to a 16-bit PCM WAV; read_wav reads them back, converting either int or float WAV payloads to f32. A third type, WavWriter, is the crash-safe append writer used during long live captures: it flushes the WAV header every 8000 samples (≈500 ms at 16 kHz), so a process kill leaves a valid, playable file on disk up to the last flush.

At a glance

• Crate: magnotia-audio
• Path: crates/audio/src/wav.rs
• LOC: 287
• External deps: hound 3.5.
• Internal callers (best effort, slice 2 reconciles): WavWriter is consumed by the live-session command in src-tauri/src/commands/live.rs (brief item #19). read_wav and write_wav are used by the file-import command and by the audio-decode tests.

Public surface:

• pub struct WavWriter — crates/audio/src/wav.rs:21.
• pub fn WavWriter::create(path: &Path, sample_rate: u32, channels: u16) -> Result<Self> — crates/audio/src/wav.rs:36.
• pub fn WavWriter::append(&mut self, samples: &[f32]) -> Result<()> — crates/audio/src/wav.rs:58.
• pub fn WavWriter::flush(&mut self) -> Result<()> — crates/audio/src/wav.rs:78.
• pub fn WavWriter::finalize(self) -> Result<()> — crates/audio/src/wav.rs:90.
• pub fn write_wav(path: &Path, audio: &AudioSamples) -> Result<()> — crates/audio/src/wav.rs:99.
• pub fn read_wav(path: &Path) -> Result<AudioSamples> — crates/audio/src/wav.rs:132.

What's in here

WavWriter (crash-safe live capture)

Wraps a hound::WavWriter<BufWriter<File>> plus a samples_since_flush counter and a flush_every threshold (DEFAULT_FLUSH_EVERY_SAMPLES = 8_000, 500 ms at 16 kHz).

• create constructs a 16-bit PCM WavSpec from the supplied sample_rate / channels. Sample rate and channel count come from LocalEngine::capabilities() rather than being hardcoded — this matters once non-Whisper engines (Parakeet, future Moonshine) declare different rates.
• append clamps each f32 to [-1.0, 1.0], scales to i16, writes the sample, and flushes the header every flush_every samples.
• flush calls hound::WavWriter::flush (which rewrites the RIFF and data chunk sizes in the header) and resets the counter.
• finalize writes the terminal header and consumes the writer. A dropped-without-finalize writer leaves a valid file up to the last flush; callers that care about the unflushed tail should always call finalize.

write_wav and read_wav

write_wav is the simple one-shot writer over AudioSamples. Same clamp + i16 scale.

read_wav reads either int or float WAV payloads and returns f32 in [-1, 1]. For int payloads it scales by 1 << (bits_per_sample - 1). Unlike a previous version, per-sample errors are propagated rather than silently dropped (see watch-out below).

Data flow

Live capture path (production use):

StreamingResampler.push_samples → Vec<f32> 16 kHz mono
    └─ WavWriter::append(chunk)
        └─ for each f32:
              clamp [-1,1] → (i16) write_sample
        └─ if samples_since_flush >= 8000:
              hound flush (rewrites size headers)
…session ends…
    └─ WavWriter::finalize()
        └─ terminal header write + close

File round-trip (used in tests + simple imports):

AudioSamples → write_wav → 16-bit PCM WAV → read_wav → AudioSamples

Watch-outs

• Crash-safety guarantee is "up to the last flush", not "every sample". Worst-case loss is flush_every / sample_rate seconds (default 500 ms at 16 kHz). The wav_writer_survives_crash test (wav.rs:170) uses std::mem::forget to skip Drop and proves the flushed prefix is recoverable.
• finalize is consuming. Once called you cannot append further. The live-session command must hold the writer until session end and only finalize at the close path.
• i16 quantisation noise. Both writers downcast f32 → i16. WAV round-trip introduces ~1 / 32768 absolute error per sample, validated by the wav_roundtrip test (wav.rs:265).
• Truncated WAV bug fixed in tree (2026-04-22 review). Previous read_wav used filter_map(|s| s.ok()) and silently returned a short AudioSamples for corrupt input. Current code surfaces MagnotiaError::AudioDecodeFailed. Regression test at wav.rs:235.
• Channels and sample rate are taken from AudioSamples directly in write_wav. WavWriter::create takes them as explicit args because it precedes the data; the caller (live session) reads LocalEngine::capabilities() to know what to pass.
• No async wrapper. WavWriter operations are synchronous (Buffered file I/O). Live session must call them on a blocking task or accept the syscall cost on the audio thread.

See also

• Transcription engines overview — LocalEngine::capabilities() is the source of sample_rate / channels for WavWriter::create.
• Audio file decoding — decode_audio_file is the symphonia-based path used for non-WAV files.
• Tests at crates/audio/src/wav.rs:165 (crash-safety, finalize round-trip, truncated-input regression).